1926 photo of what is now 10th and Pattison, site of Citizen’s Bank Park
On a bright May morning in 1917, a small army of police, firemen, and laborers descended on the farm of Patrick Short. They had come to shut down the last illegal pig farm in South Philadelphia, and violence was expected. Short and his two grown sons met them at the gate with shotguns, determined to defend their 185 pigs from seizure by the city. As the tension mounted, the police chief said, “Get your guns out, boys,” and the officers reached for their pistols.
Why were these men about to shoot each other over a bunch of pigs? Philadelphia’s war on pigs was part of a 60-year struggle by City Hall to fill, colonize, and develop “the Neck,” the low-lying, highly polluted swamp that hugged the east bank of the Schuylkill River below Oregon Avenue and curved like a goose’s neck all the way around to–and draining–if it ever would drain–into the Delaware River at the city’s southeastern edge. Indeed, for more than a century, planners and city officials have been trying to figure out how to wring economic value from the vast lowland. To the extent they have succeeded, we possess a sports complex, an obsolete wholesale food market, a sea of once vital but now economically fragile oil refineries, the Schuylkill Expressway, a few neighborhoods, and FDR Park.
With the long-term future of the of refineries in question and biotech and medical industries expanding downriver from University City, City economic development officials, designers, and planners, armed with case studies and land use analyses, are once more eying the Neck as a place of urban invention, job development, and recreation.
But the first taming of the Neck came at a terrible cost: the uprooting of entire communities and the destruction of a landscape and a rural way of life that had existed for centuries. The upheaval, long advocated by business and civic leaders, journalists, and prototype environmentalists who called for the river’s clean-up at the turn of the 20th century, would anticipate the even more ambitious and conflicted reclaiming of the swamps and farms of Eastwick immediately across the river into what would be the nation’s largest Urban Renewal project of the early 1960s (and one that fell far short of planners’ goals).
Perspective northeastward from Pattison and Penrose Avenues, 1915
Turn Of The Century Dreams
Land values were on the rise in the early 20th century and South Philadelphia was swelling with immigrants. City planners envisioned the far south of the city as an oasis of tree-lined streets and row houses. City councilmen licked their chops at the prospect of more property taxes from the increased land value. The Philadelphia Bulletin columnist Christopher Morley dreamed of a city “in which the lower Schuylkill would be something more than a canal of oily ooze; in which the wonderful Dutch meadows of the Neck would be reclaimed into one of the world’s loveliest riverside parks.”
New neighborhoods were indeed to be anchored by two parks, Marconi Plaza and League Island Park. Broad Street was to be extended south to the Navy Yard, and a new road, Patison Avenue, would run east to west. As the land around these projects rose in value, it would be filled, raised, and built on.
In 1912 much of the Neck still looked like the scene pictured here from “A Day in the Ma’ash,” in the July, 1881 issue of Scribner’s Monthly
Like many urban planning projects, this was all easier said than done. For one thing, much of this land was in use raising vegetables and livestock for the markets uptown. To realize their suburban fantasy, the city needed to destroy the backbone of the Neck’s traditional economy, especially pig farming, which was deeply-entrenched in the life of the Neck. In 1912, there were about 20,000 pigs living south of Oregon Avenue among the thousand or so humans. Generations of Neckers had made a living raising pigs, which were fed on garbage collected by the Necker’s children. Pigs were the Neck’s biggest “export,” followed by cabbage and clover sod.
Claiming that pig manure produced “harmful gasses” that caused disease, in 1911 City Council passed a ban on pigs within city limits. “The pigs will disappear so fast you can’t see them,” said Mayor John E. Reyburn. “The lands rented for piggeries will become so valuable that the raising of swine there will be abandoned.”
Great Article!!!!
Great article.
The David Goodis novel Night Squad, which takes place in the Neck, provides a great view of life there in late 1950s. It was really interesting to read about a landscape that completely doesn’t exist anymore.
Very cool, I will check that out. I’m not done with this topic by a longshot.
In 1950s where food disabution center was a place called the rocks a big boulder dump o sorts what was there or what was it we used to play there
How i remember the rocks a great place of adventure a postcard in time was the rocks fom a old post office torn down i never really found out i also remember the neck and gerello water what great memerios
I live 2900 s. Broad. The rocks were the dumping ground from the susquicentennial celebration
Hi John, I came across this accidentally. I googled Stone House Lane as that was all I remembered. The “Neck” was totally something I did not remember until I saw the words. I was born in 1948 and vividly remember the flood. My mother was born there and I remember my Aunt Sis( Florence Donnelly Kirschner)married Gus and they had a two story stone farm house that was supposedly built by the Hessians. My uncle Gus had an amazing garden and the nuns from St.Carmel would walk there and view the garden. Our Lady of Mt.Carmel is also where I attended first grade.As a child, I remember my mother was the youngest child and just continued to live in her parents house.We had to move after the flood. Golly, the name “The Neck” brings back vivd memories of my parents
Thanks, John, you just have to love the pig wars! In May of 1917, the city also shut down eleven piggeries in the other big Philadelphia pig farming section – Wheatsheaf Lane in upper Port Richmond. The Philadelphia Livestock Association on Eleventh and Shunk Streets took up the cause of the pig farmers, circulating petitions in South Philadelphia and publishing ads in the Inquirer with headlines that read “Pigs in the Crisis.” The Association claimed that allegations of odors and diseases caused by the piggeries were groundless. They also pointed out that, as the U.S. was now involved in the War in Europe, the pigs were not only an important source of meat but could be fed cheaply on garbage and waste, conserving scarce grain for human consumption. As they said, “we need all the pork we can get.”
Wow, how about that? Do you know where I might find the archives of the Livestock Association, or documents about them? I already checked the Horticultural Society, to no avail.
Great research.
I’m pretty sure there are no records or archives. Because of its location in S. Philly and the brief mention of it in 1917, I’d bet that the Livestock Association was just a short-lived ad hoc organization formed by the pig farmers themselves. Although there was a long campaign to drive piggeries out of the city, dating from the 1880s, the final push came in the 1910s with the desire to convince Congress and the Navy Department to sink money into expanding the League Island shipyard. Philadelphia had been competing with Norwalk, CT and Norfolk VA for federal funding since after the Civil War. The City Councils were afraid that the proximity of acres of “filthy, disease breeding piggeries” would hinder the shipyard’s chances. It all comes down to money. By the way, really great article and photos, John!
Thank you!
just a comment: I was born in south Philadelphia and lived at 2600 block of S. 12th Street. The homes were built in 1909 and the original deed for my house states that no piggery shall be allowed on the house property. Great articles and comments! Thanks
What a fascinating story! Hidden City, indeed. No mention of the fact that pigs poop stinks, and probably stunk up Center City when the wind was wrong.
What a strange piece of history. It really does look like sometimes the truth is stranger than fiction. I’m really impressed with the quality of pictures from the early 1900’s.
I’d heard of the Neck but never really understood where it was. Obviously not a native south philian. Very interesting article.
Looking at the several photos in a row, the far right photo includes a neat row of utility poles. Might you want to check PECO archives and archives of the early telephone company in that area?
Not just to confirm the presence of such utility service, but the names of customers? addresses of those customers?
And, churches come and churches go. I gather that the little church in the other photo is no more. Yet when a church congregation or parish is folded up, it is merged into another. Such a merger might be documented in this case, and therefore there might be names of parishioners or congregants. Records of christenings (baptisms), marriages, deaths and burials (where?)….
My family (various people who would later meet, marry and be our ancestors) arrived in Philly in the 1840s, and when horsecar lines were offered, moved a bit south. Not as far as the Neck, and when the Market St elevated opened, they went to various parts of Overbrook, met each other and married, and didn’t go into the suburbs until the 1950’s etc. They returned to South Philly for the Mummers Parade — into the 1980s.
But one of those S Philly ancestors did some real estate investing in the 1890s, buying three places further down in S Philly, below St Agnes Hospital. Maybe in the Neck, just as it was being “improved”.
Great article, you are a really into Local History!
Great article. My grandparents were chased out in the 50’s when the army corps of engineers flooded the neck to make them leave under the guise of building the approach to the Walt Whitman bridge. Until I became an adult, I never knew anything about the neck or stone house lane other than what we were told as children. I love learning about it. Thanks!
Excellent article. I was born and raised near Marconi Plaza park. My father told me stories about Stonehouse Lane and The Neck when I was a kid. My grandmother told me that her father was friends with the people who lived in Bellaire Manor (the old house now inside the golf course at FDR Park. She referred to it as the Singley house. They were guests there on one or more occasions when she was a girl. She told me of the canals that still existed in that area back then.
Your grandmother may have known my grandfather and/or his parents then! My Mom’s father (a Singley) lived there as a young boy, but the family was asked to move during improvements for the Sesquicentennial Celebration in 1926.
My grandmother was Ella Singley. She often talked about the house. Has her name come up in your genealogy?
John,
Thank you for this great article! My great grandparents lived on Stonehouse lane in the 1920s. My aunt was born there. I remember my great aunt Dora telling us stories at her house at 10th and Oregon, of when they lived “Down the Neck”. They obviously didn’t move far. Those folks were poor and didn’t know it.
My dad recalled a visit there in the early 40’s to pick up an icebox when my parents were first married. He recalled that at that time much of the area was a dump.
I suppose you ran across Christopher Morley’s “Travels in Philadelphia” while doing your research. It gives us a romantic view of The Neck in 1920. I would love to see more pictures of the area. Aunt Dora’s stories come alive when I see what she was talking about.
Thanks again for shedding more light on this now almost forgotten area.
Jim
John,
Since I have been trying to find the exact location of Farley’s Piggery, on Maiden Lane, seen in a DOR photo from 1913; this article, that I found quite by accident, begs the question: Do you know the exact location of Farley’s Piggery?
Also, the city at least slightly legitimated the last aspect of the Neck, since in the mid 1920’s, fire alarm box 4598 was assigned to the intersection of Stone House Lane and Johnston Street, not a true “intersection”, but an approximation down Stone House Lane from Oregon Avenue. By 1962, the box was reassigned to another approximate intersection, 3rd and Johnston.
A look at the 1928 Aerial Survey of the Philadelphia Region, found on philageohistory.org, shows Stone House Lane, and houses zigzagging along it.
Thanks for a great article, 4 years later.
As a young kid I became aware that my grandfather, Patrick Short, raised pigs. However, I never associated it with the “Neck” because my grandfather raised them in an area closer to the Schuylkill river. The” Neck” I knew about was south of Oregon Ave. close to the Delaware river.
great article:i lived at 9th &shunk st.and had a class mate who lived down the NECK.his name was howard horner(very tough kid).we use to go to the neck and we all knew it was dangerous as the people down there did not trust strangers.one time we were chased out by a bull.found memories of life in s.philly
Chased by a bull? I wish my childhood was that exciting.
American Dredging flooded everyone out. I was 10 at the time. We moved to Jersey in 1955. All memories I have of Stone House Lane were great.
I lived in the Neck until I was 5yrs old (1950) Then we moved to Jersey. We lived next door to the Horner’s. The Tucker’s also lived there. My grandma lived near the horse pasture. It was a rough time back in those days. I remember not having any running water etc. I remember having an aunt Dora. I think some of us are related. The families stuck together.
my father had an aunt Dora he was from the 10th street neck. Dora was my father’s grandfather’s daughter. I believe she married a rivell. sounds like the same person.
My aunt (not Dora), was also married to a Rivell. My Aunt Gert Nass married George. Dora was married to William. George & William were brothers. I started looking into it. Dora’s maiden name was Buck. They actually appear in the 1900 Census on Stonehouse Lane! (I imagined they would have resisted being counted – but maybe weren’t feeling in danger at that point…). Check out this record I found on the Ancestry mobile app https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/29763183?h=5b7e95
My great grandparents lived on McKees street on the northern edge of the neck. The area around 3rd &4th street near Porter st. Their names were John and Carrie Haubrich. The address was 2515 McKee st. On the 1900 census.
My mom grew up in the neck, moved out during childhood in the 50s.
Excellent read. I stumbled upon this article while researching the Neck, as my Vautier ancestors appear to have been some of the early farm truckers of the area. I found an article in The Times (25 April 1891, page 8) in which the Neck Barons are discussed…. my ancestors were listed by surname in that article. Your article helped shed some light on the goings on of the area, even though by 1917 my direct line was not in the Neck anymore.
My name is Elizabeth Obst maiden name Ibbetson I was born in the neck I was born in 1952 I remember a lot about the neck and as I read some of the articles I don’t find them to be completely true I know the article about the fire in the four children is not completely true that was my uncle and my aunt who lost the poor children she was not in House at the time of the fire the oldest child was named Bertha and she was in charge of taking care of the younger ones, when the fire started it was believed that she took the younger ones into the bedroom but for fear of her parents she did not want to break the window and that is where they found the four children as far as my aunt Bertha she was alive and well for many years after that the father’s name was Richard Ibbetson the mothers name was Bertha it was a horrible horrible time in my uncle’s life and he had horrible memories for the rest of his life I can still see in my head what it look like And I’m not sure when the last of us left but I remember having to leave and I don’t think I was that young for some reason I believe I was six or seven when we moved out so I don’t understand why they say the last people moved out in 1955 I’m pretty sure we were there 256 or 57
This is the Neck I remember. Knew all names u mentioned. Some were my relatives. I was a Toner. Tommy was my brother.
I remember when I was a little kid back in 1942 or later. I was born in 1942. We lived in the Neck, little farm homes, a 4 room bungalow with a back shed. We had no running water, inside bathroom was non existent. We did have an Out House,when it was full my father would dig a new hole and drag the Out House over top of it. New Bathroom.
I remember many family names. We lived next to the Horners on the west side, on the east side I don’t know their name but the old guy who lived there was Poppy or Lolly Pop or Popeye, not really sure. Next house was Rudolph, I remember because they had a Model T car. I remember the Toners, my buddy was TommyToner.
South of our house was a 10 ft wide creek with a few planks over the water to get to the other side. A few of the families who lived there were Brady & Mayfield and on the west end of the neck was a row of homes, Mullen, Van Der Vere or something like that. There was fields where they grew crops and a pasture with horses. Up on Broad Street on the corner of Broad & Pattison Ave was a new Drive In Movie, we used to sneak up the hill, under the fence and watch the movies.My Mother’s parents lived next to the pasture across from the barn, the Bucks, there were more families with the Buck name, all were my cousins, many generations of family. Across from the barn there was the only running water for us to fill up our milk churns for drinking water and cooking. The only other water was up the hill on 10th St. at the Fire Plug. The next street north was Packer Ave. I went to Fell School for kindergarden, 1st grade, 2nd grade and started 3rd grade, then we moved to Runnemede, New Jersey in 1950.
I remember the city trash wagons, horses pulled the wagons, going down 10th St to the dump. The Food Center was later built on the dumps, sanitary huh? I remember the Abbotts milk man, with the Abbotts Horse and wagon delivering milk every day.
I didn’t know too much about Stone House Lane. I think it was near Front St & Pattison Ave. The area was all houses and dumps in between. I didn’t think we were poor but I guess we were. It wasn’t an ugly place. It was farm land, crops, pastures with animals and not so fancy homes. All friendly people.
John, If you want to contact me for more info feel free
if i remember the drive in movie was south city drive in?
My mom used to call (John Buck), her grandfather “Pop.” Looks like we’re cousins.
My uncle Tony Torrella grew up in Martens Village his father was the last lamplighter in Philadephia. I remember going down to the farm.
BW
I lived at 11th and Johnston. My friend lived down the neck til about 1960. Her name was Dottie Elko. We had a sorority with 12 girls so monthly we would meet at each other’s house. Her house was as. Ice as everyone’s. We would go bowling on Broad St. in back of the bowling alley there was a path. We would all say goodbye and Dottie would leave by this path to her home.
Hi Darlene. I lived on the same block. Lawlers. I remember everyone sitting on your parents front steps. It was a very easy time!
My Maternal Grandparents lived on Stone House Lane.
My great-great-great grandparents, Christopher & Julia Deering, had a large cattle farm on Jones Lane in the Neck. It was located in the 1st Ward in the 1860s and 70s and subsequently became part of the 39th Ward during the 1900s until the 1950s. It was commonly referred to years after the family’s death as Deering’s Farm. Jones Lane intersected Stone House Lane in close proximity to Point House Road. He was an Irish immigrant whose father-in-law, William Duffy, was into the cattle and milking business in West Philadelphia. Christopher was a drover in the 1850s and 60s and found that area of Philly useful for buying and selling large heads of cattle, despite it being marshland and prone to floods. Many families living around them according to the census were farmers and hog dealers. There’s no doubt they were industrious and hard-working people thriving in a remote part of the city.
I love stories of the Neck. When I was a young boy from Front and Reed in the late 40s and early 50s we would fish down the neck. My grandfather, John J. Regan in 1869 married Sarah Viles who was the daughter of Tom Viles and granddaughter of Samuel Viles who had the dairy farm on League Island Road on the property which is now the Stadium complex, his farm being south of Pattison Avenue. Anything I can read about the Old Neck I read. Thanks for your information.